The projected climatic change indicates adverse impacts on developing countries in many ways resulting in changes in frequency, duration and intensity of extreme events such as heat waves and heavy precipitation events. Climate change would also increase threats to human health due to increase in vector borne diseases. The impacts of climate change would fall disproportionately upon developing countries and would further exacerbate inequities in health status, access to food, clean water and other resources. India in particular is seriously concerned about the climate change because of its dependency on climate sensitive sectors like agriculture and forestry for livelihoods. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change set up in 1992) was based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of countries”.  is supporting the implementation of sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies in developing countries and thereby, facilitating industrialized countries in meeting their emission reduction obligations in a cost-effective manner. There are projects are in the sectors of energy efficiency, fuel switching, industrial processes, municipal solid waste and renewable energy.

Climate change is usually discussed from the perspective of developed countries without linking it to developmental needs such as poverty, health, energy access and education. The fears that uncompensated climate change mitigation by developing countries would slow down their economic growth and poverty reduction efforts have to be explicitly addressed. It is believed that the following elements are the key:
1. There is need to reach an agreement that have a direct bearing on mitigating climate change.
2. Efficiency & conservations as part of the successful agreements of the projects.
3. Licensing of pharmaceuticals for addressing epidemic disease.
4. Collaborative R&D between developing and developed country R&D institu¬tions is necessary to address the gap.

It is now clear that the resources, including-technology R&D and transfer, required globally for Adaptation of similar order of magnitude as for GHG Mitigation. The Government has taken a number of steps in recent years in Energy Efficiency, Power sector reforms, Promoting hydro and renewable energy, Promotion of clean coal technologies, Coal washing & efficient utilization of coal, Forestation and conservation of forests, Reduction of gas flaring, Cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel for transport, Encouraging Mass Rapid Transport systems and Environmental quality management.
In all the major energy intensive sectors like steel, aluminum, fertilizer, paper, cement, levels of energy efficiency are at global levels. Especially in the cement sector, the energy efficiency of Indian plants is among the worlds highest.
 
Thus arise needs for cyclone warning and protection, coastal protection, floods and drought control and relief, major and minor irrigation projects, control of malaria, food security measures etc. The Ministry of Environment & Forests has started the process of constitution of an Expert Committee drawing leading and credible experts on climate change from multi-disciplinary fields to study the impact of climate change on India and identify the measures that we may have to take in the future.