BUNION
The name applies to the cyst which arises when the big toe joint protrudes and curves inwards towards the other toe which can also be accompanied by painful corns on the second toe, which is assaulted by the large one, another bunion on the displaced little toe, and small outgrowths on other toes. Wear shoes with added padding or by applying a cushioning bunion pad.

DIABETIC FEET
Diabetic Feet occurs when fatty plaque accumulates inside artery walls, causing the arteries to narrow and reducing blood flow to the legs. Those with high blood pressure, diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels, and people who smoke are at the greatest risk. Symptoms include fatigue or pain in the feet and legs, foot pain that disturbs sleep, and wounds or ulcers that are slow to heal.
Quit smoking and manage your diabetes and/ or HBP. Cut toe nails straight across, but not overmuch. Do not use corn caps or hot water bottles on your feet. Never walk barefoot, even at home. Loose cotton socks can absorb moisture, unlike nylon socks which encourage fungal infection. Shoes should fit snugly. Buy shoes in the evening, after trying them on while sitting, standing and moving around. Treat any foot problem professionally at once.

CORNS
Corns are hard cone shaped bumps that rear their ugly heads on the smaller toes. Calluses are somewhat rounded flat thickenings of the skin under the foot. Both may cause burning or severe pain. Comfy shoes with insoles or arch supports will stop them from worsening or even encourage them to disappear. Inspect the feet daily for dry skin, cracks, corns, calluses.
Wash daily in lukewarm water with mild soap. Dry gently and thoroughly specially between toes to prevent fungal infection.

STRESS FRACTURE
Small cracks develop in the bones of your feet because of running shoes with inadequate shock absorption, chronic excessive insults. In runners the metatarsals that connect to the three middle toes are prone. Stop the activity which leads to the problem. For the time being the big or little toes may take as long as three months to heal.

HAMMERTOES
The second, third or fourth toe becomes bent, remains in a fixed position and cannot be straightened, causing friction and ulcers on the top of the toe. Change to comfortable shoes, so that the toe is not assaulted further. Reach for medical help to treat ulcers or skin irritation.

INGROWN NAIL
A toe nail that is cut too short and curved at the corners causes it to curve and dig into the surrounding skin which results in pain, swelling, inflammation, which is aggravated by the wrong shoes. Running shoes should have a rigid heel counter. Soak a bit of cotton wool in an OTC antibiotic solution or ointment and push under the nail edge. Prevent by always cutting nails straight across, not curved.

ANKLE SPRAIN
Ill fitting shoes; spiky heels; ankles that roll outward when walking on uneven surface; in-toed walk and high arches can all cause injury to ligaments, tough elastic tissues in the ankle. Physical therapy helps restore movement, strengthen muscles, and improve balance.