India is among top four countries with highest underweight children. World’s one third malnourished children are in India. In recent times there have been a matter of deep concern as children are future of the nation and if they are in such a sorry state of health how can we have healthy and prosperous India. Effective and low cost interventions/ are urgently needed in the sector. The UN Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for child survival by 2015 cannot be achieved without a significant reduction in the neonatal deaths, which account for 38 per cent of the world’s deaths under five. The neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) estimated at forty lakh annually, has its largest share in South Asian countries. The MDG stipulates a reduction in the child mortality rate by two thirds across world between 1990 and 1015. Its indicators are under five mortality rate. Infant mortality rate and proportion of one year old children immunized against measles.

Urgent steps for linking of and healthcare, supplying care closer to communities, increasing demand for skilled care and empowering poor communities to make healthful decisions. Significantly, the cause of child mortality is a disease or a combination of diseases and malnutrition which is usually preventable in the developed countries. There is a need for developing appropriate management protocols for neuron development follow-up of baby’s discharges from the neonatal intensive care and highlighted current guidelines and best practice principles of management of high risk infants. Newborns are particularly susceptible to certain diseases, much more so than older children and adults. Their new immune systems are not adequately developed to fight the bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause these infections. As a result when newborns get sick, they may need to spend time in hospital or even the neonatal intensive care unit to recover.

One in ten babies born in India needs to spend at least a few days in a neonatal unit to recover from infection and hence require intravenous antibiotics, extra monitoring breathing support. Neo-natal infections that aren’t treated promptly or that spread can have serious consequences. Because baby’s bodies and organs are undergoing rapid development, any interruption in that process can lead to complications, including growth, developmental, neurological, cardiac, respiratory and sensory problems.
CACs would help t adopting a multi-dimensional approach towards a specific problem, and the initiative would go long way in reducing infant and maternal mortality. CACs concepts would develop centers of excel¬lence outside that existing departments dealing with the health of the newborns and mothers.

The standards of livelihood in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh is much better, compared to other states, these states had a higher percentage of children suffering from malnutrition. The 43rd Conference of Pediatrician organized by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics and attended by physicians from USA, Britain, France and many South East Asian countries, discussed methods of reducing infant mortality rate in India and overall child survival rate. The main theme of the conference was ‘Reaching the Unreached child. The motive of this mammoth event was to give participants an opportunity to listen to and discuss cutting edge research in clinical and basic sci-ences relating to the field of pediatrics. We shall strive to achieve the best care for the children of this country.